
Synopsis: The Proto-Elamite horizon sparked innovation and trade throughout Iran and Central Asia, and its collapse saw the emergence of numerous “secondary states”. Toward the end of the Third Millennium BC, the dominant polity east of the Zagros was the Oxus Civilization.
Map of the Middle Asian Interaction Sphere:

Episode Images:
https://www.flickr.com/photos/75506172@N07/albums/72177720332227258/
References and Further Reading:
https://audio.ancientworldpodcast.com/A11_References.pdf

*The world’s earliest known “animation.” Reproduction of a series of images on a pottery goblet found in Shahr-i-Sokhta (Proto-Elamite period, c. 3178 BC) now in the National Museum of Iran.
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